Gujarat Board Geography Syllabus for Class 12

CLASS XII

Geography (70 Periods)                        35 Marks

Unit 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope                      Periods 3

Unit 2: People Periods                                                                    15

-Population — distribution, density and growth

-Population change-spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change;

-Age-sex ratio; rural-urban composition;

-Human development - concept; selected indicators, international comparisons

Unit 3: Human Activities                                                       Periods 25

-Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities – some examples from selected countries.
Secondary activities-concept; manufacturing: types – household, small scale, large scale; agro based and mineral based industries; people engaged in secondary activities – some examples from selected countries.

-Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and communication; services; people engaged in tertiary activities - some examples from selected countries

-Quaternary activities-concept; knowledge based industries; people engaged in quaternary activities - some examples from selected countries

Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade                     Periods 19

-Land transport - roads, railways; trans-continental railways.

-Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes.

-Air transport- Intercontinental air routes.

-Oil and gas pipelines.

-Satellite communication and cyber space.
International trade-Bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade, role of WTO in International trade.

Unit 5: Human Settlements                                                Periods 8

-Settlement types - rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega
cities; problems of human settlements in developing countries.

Unit 6: Map Work on identification of features based on above units on the outline Political map of World.

Part B. India: People and Economy                                    70 Periods

Unit 7: People                                                                    Periods 12

-Population : distribution, density and growth; composition of population - linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational– polulation change through time and regional variations;

-Migration: international, national-causes and consequences;

-Human development: selected indicators and regional patterns;

-Population, environment and development.

Unit 8: Human Settlements                                                Periods 8

-Rural settlements - types and distribution;

-Urban settlements - types, distribution and functional classification.

Unit 9: Resources and Development                                    Periods 28

-Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use, Geographical conditions and distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber), agricultural development and problems.
Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management (one case study related with participatory watershed management to be introduced).

-Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Ironore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese) ; non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydro electricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation.

-Industries - types, factors of industrial location; distribution and changing pattern of selected industries-iron and steel, cotton textiles, sugar, petrochemicals, and knowledge based industries; impact of liberalization, privatisation and globalisation on industrial location; industrial clusters.
Planning in India- target area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study).

Unit 10: Transport, Communication and International Trade           Periods 12

-Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; national electric grids; -communication networkings - radio, television, satellite and internet.

-International trade- changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and airports,

Unit 11: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems (One case study to be introduced for each topic)          Periods 10

-Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal.
-Urbanisation, rural-urban migration; problems of slums.
-Land Degradation.

Unit 12: Map work on locating and labelling of features based on above units on outline political map of India             3 Marks