Andhra Pradesh Board History Syllabus for Class 12

UNIT-I

Geographical Discoveries

Factors leading to the Geographical Discoveries – Explorations of Portuguese
Navigators - Colombus Discovers the New continent - Conflicting claims lead to wars – Results
of Geographical Discoveries – Other Results.

UNIT-II

The Renaissance in Europe

Factors for the Growth of Renaissance - Renaissance Art, Sculpture, Architecture and
Music in Europe.

UNIT-III

The Reformation

Decline of the Papacy – State vs the Church – Rise of Nation States - Rise of Secular
Attitude – Anti Church movements. The Reformation movement in England – The counter-
Reformation. The Council of Trect (1545-63). The Society of Jesus Founded by Ignatius
Loyola (1534) St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552).

UNIT-IV

The Rise of Nation States in Europe

The First Nation State in Europe - Royal Absolutism - Limitations on Royal power - Model
Parliament (1295) Tudor Rulers – Bourbon Monarchy in France - Enlightened Despotism in
Spain -The Habsburgs of Austria - Peter the Great (1689-1725) Westernisation of Russia under
Peter - Foreign Policy - Catherine –II (The Great) War with the Turks.

UNIT-V

American War of Independence (1776)

Development of 13 English Colonies - British Mercantilist policy - Enforcement of
Mercantilist Regulations - Boston Tea Party - The First Continental Congress (1774) Skirmishes
at Lexington and Concord Leads to War - Declaration of Independence (4th July 1776). The War
and Results.

UNIT – VI

The French Revolution (1789)

Causes - Political Causes, Social Causes, Economic causes, Religious Causes and
Intellectual Awakening, influence of American Revolution - The Role of the King. Course of
the Revolution – Results - First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte (1799-1814). Congress of Vienna
(1815) – Role of Prince Metternich. Napoleonic Wars – Concordat. The Bank of France, Public
Works – New Educational System – Legion of Honour – Overseas Empire for France –
Centralization of French administration – Importance of Napoleonic era.

UNIT-VII

Industrial Revolution

The Origin and growth of Industrial Revolution. The invention of steam Engine. Factory
system in Britain - Revolution in Transport and Communication system – Significance - Effects
of Industrial Revolution.

UNIT-VIII

Nationalism in Europe

The Unification of Italy - The Rise of Nationalism in Italy. Mazzini (1805-72) Role of
Garibaldi (1807-1862) “Young Italy” Movement - 1848 Revolution - Cavour (1810-61). Venice
United with the Rest of Italy 1866 - liberation of Rome, 1870.

The Unification of Germany: Rise of Nationalism. Zollverein (Customs Union) - The
1848 Revolution in France. Failure of 1848 Revolution - King William-I and Bismarck. ‘Blood
and Iron’ Policy, War with Denmark (1864). The Austro – Prussian War (1866). Franco –
Prussian War (1870) – The Treaty of Frankfurt, 1871

UNIT-IX

Nationalism in China and Japan

Nationalism in China – Opium Wars and Treaty of Nanking – Anglo – Japanese Alliance
– Reform Movement in China – Dr. Sun – Yat – Sen and Chinese Revolution (1949) – Japan –
Awakening of Japan opened by Commodore Perry - Meiji Restoration – Internal Reconstruction
Westernization of Japan – Monroe Doctrine – Japan and the USA. Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbour – War with USA – Collapse of Japan – Treaty with USA.

UNIT-X

Russian Revolution

The Czarist Autocrats - Czar Alexander-II (1855-1881) Reactionary Rule of Alexander-
III (1881-1894) Industrialization - Reign of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1971) -1905 Russian
Revolution - Downfall of Czar Nicholas (March 1917) Nikolai Lenin (1870-1924) Bolshevik
Revolution (7th November 1917).

UNIT-XI

First World War

Causes and Results (1914-1918) – Treaty of Versailles (1919) – League of Nations

(1920)

UNIT-XII

Turkey

Mustafa Kemal Pasha – Decay of Ottoman Empire – The treaty of Serves – Asia minor –
Kemal Reforms and modernization of Turkey

UNIT-XIII

Fascism and Nazism:
Fascism and its causes – Rise of Mussolini – His achievements.
Nazism in Germany:
Rise of Nazis under Hitler – Internal policy - breakdown of the
League – Hitler’s foreign policy.

UNIT-XIV

Second World War (1939-1945)

Causes – German Foreign policy – America’s entry into 2nd World War – Defeat of Axis
Powers – Establishment of UN (24th October 1945).

UNIT-XV

Science and Technology in the Modern World

Development in Science, Technology, Art, Literature and other new sources of energy –
Transport and Communication – Information Technology Literature and Art in the contemporary
world - The Mass Media, News Paper, Radio, Cinema, Television and Computers.

Important Maps
1.Thirteen Colonies in America
2.Unification of Germany
3.Unification of Italy