Andhra Pradesh Board Chemistry Syllabus for Class 12

CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

1. V A GROUP ELEMENTS:
1.1 V A group elements – Nitrogen and Phosphorus General characteristics with special
reference to Hydrides, Oxides, Halides, Structural aspect of Oxy-acids.
1.2 Preparation and uses of Ammonia and super-phosphate.
06 Periods

2. VI A GROUP ELEMENTS:
2.1 Oxygen and sulphur – Allotropy – General characteristics with special reference to Hydries,
Oxides (SO 2 , SO 3 ) Halides, Structural aspect of Oxy acids.
2.2 Preparation and properties of Ozone and Sodium thiosulphate.
06 Periods

3. VII A GROUP ELEMENTS:
3.1 General characteristics of Halogens.
3.2 Preparation, properties and uses of flourine and chlorine.
3.3 Oxides and oxy-acids of chlorine only (only structural treatment and oxidation states).
3.4 Preparation, properties and uses of Bleaching Powder.
06 Periods

4. TRANSITION-ELEMENTS (d-BLOCK ELEMENTS):
Definition – General characterisitcs of 3d series with special reference to variable Oxidation
states, magnetic properties, colour, formation of alloys and complex compounds – Werner’s
theory.

5. SOLUTIONS:
5.1 Methods of expressing concentration of solutions – Molarity, Molality,normality and mole-
fraction.
5.2 Vapour pressure-effect of temperature on Vapour pressure-Vapour pressure and Boiling
point. Relative lowering of vapour pressure-Raoult’s law (elementary treatment).
08 Periods

6. ACIDS AND BASES:
6.1 Theories of Acids and Bases Lowry – Bronsted concept Lewis theory of acids and bases.
6.2 Ionic product of water, PH, Buffers – Numerical problems on these, Indicators – Choice of
indicators, PH-range and uses.
6.3 Salt hydrolysis – Types of hydrolysis with examples.
10 Periods

7. CHEMICAL KINETICS, CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND ENERGETICS:
7.1 Concepts of reaction rate, factors affecting reaction rates, Rate law, rate constant and its
units. Order and Molecularity – First order rate equation and half life – Collission Theory of
reaction rate (No derivation).
7.2 Reversible and Irreversible reactions. Concept of chemical equilibrium – Law of Mass Action
– chemical equilibrium-Kc, Kp and their relationship with respect to Ammonia and Sulphur
Trioxide.
7.3 Lechatelier’s Principle and its application to the industrial processes like Ammonia and
Sulphur Trioxide.
7.4 Thermochemistry: Exothermic and Endothermic reactions with examples – Heat of reaction
(the relation between DE and DH) Combustion, formation, solution and neutralisation – Hess’s
law of constant heat summation.
14 Periods

8. ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY:
8.1 Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes.

8.2 Faraday’s laws of electrolysis.
8.3 Galvanic & Voltaic cells – representation
06 Periods
8.4 Nernst equation (No derivation) – e.m.f. calculations.

9. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY:
9.1 Composition of Nucleus – Isotopes, Isotones, Isobars, Isodiaphers, Nuclear stability – Factors
effecting Nuclear stability, mass defect, binding energy, Average binding energy, N/P ratio, Magic
Numbers).
9.2 Radio-active disintegration and its rate-Half-life and average life.
9.3 Natural and artificial radio-activity, disintegration series-Group displacement law-Types of
Nuclear reactions (fission and fusion)-Differences between Nuclear and Chemical reactions-
Radio-active isotopes and their applications Idoine 131 , Cobalt 60 , Sodium 24 , C 14 and P 30 .

10. SURFACE CHEMISTRY :
10.1 Adsorption and absorption. Physical and chemical adsorption-distinguishing
properties-Adsorption of gases on Metals Adsorption from solutions (Elementary treatment).
10.2 Colloidal state:- True and colloidal solutions – Explanation of the terms – Dispersion
medium, dispersed phase, Iyo-phillic and Iyo-phobic sols using the examples; smoke, cloud,
blood, milk, starch solution and gold sol.
10.3 Emulsions:- Emulsifying agent and emulsification – its applications. Miscelles – cleansing
action of soap.

10.4 Catalysis – Explanation of the terms – Homogeneous and Hetero-geneous catalysis –
distinctions with suitable Examples-auto-catalysis with one example.
08 Periods

11. CARBON COMPOUNDS
11.1 Alkyl Halides – Nomenclature-Preparation, properties and uses of Ethyl chloride and
chloroform.
11.2 Oxygen compounds:- Nomenclature of Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic
acids. Preparation, properties and uses of Ethyl Alcohol, Diethyl ether, Acetaldehyde, Acetone
and Acetic acid.
11.3 Nitro-compounds-Nomenclature of Amines and Nitro-compounds- Preparation, Properties
and uses of Nitro-benzene and aniline.
14 Periods

12. CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE:
12.1 Brief Survey on the importance of Metals in the bio-molecules viz., Haemoglobin Cyano-
cobalamin (Vitamin Bl2) and Chlorophyll-basic structure, function of metal ions and uses.
12.2 Common drugs used in Medicine-Acetyl Salicylic Acid (Aspirin)-Paracetamol, Methyl
Salicylate (Oil of winter green) preparation and uses only.
08 Periods